تأسيس المملكة العربية السعودية 1966

Who is the founder of the first Saudi state?

The establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1966 was an idea in the beginning, which started it Imam Mohamed Bin Saud; He is the first founder who started the movement to unify the kingdom since ancient times. He belongs to a tribe called “Bani Hanifa,” and they are a powerful tribe that laid the foundations of their first state from prehistoric times in an area called Wadi Al-Arad, famous by the name of the tribe itself, meaning Wadi Hanifa, and the lineage of the valley and the tribe dates back to in The origin is attributed to “Hanifa bin Lajim bin Saab bin Ali bin Bakr bin Wael.”

Pictures of the kings of Saudi Arabia all in order

Founding of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1966

Saudi Arabia is located in the continent of Asia, the region of the Arabian Peninsula, and occupies the island’s area 4/5 of the total area, with an area estimated at 2 million km², passed through many stages until it reached what it is currently, and witnessed many attempts to unify this vast area under one banner over many years until King Abdul Aziz succeeded in establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932 AD in the first place, then he and his successors afterwards annexed many areas to it Until it became a wide area, and below we present the history and story of the founding of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1966:[1]

Establishment of the First Saudi Kingdom (1744 to me 1818)

At the beginning of the 18th century, a reform movement appeared at the hands of a Muslim scholar named Sheikh Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab, “who calls on people to adhere to the first teachings of Islam and to deal with the original Islam. Which was ruled by “Muhammad bin Saud” and Abdul Wahhab agreed with the ruler to restore the pure Islamic teachings again, and in this spirit bin Saud established the first Saudi state under the spiritual orientation of Ibn Abdul Wahhab, by 1788 the first Saudi state had controlled all areas of the central plateau (Najd ) And that was at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and their rule extended to Mecca and Medina, this popularity augmented the Ottoman Empire, which was a dominant force in the Middle East and North Africa, so in 1818 the Othman family sent an armed expeditionary force to the west of the Arabian Peninsula, and they besieged the Diriyah, which was It had emerged to be one of the largest cities of the peninsula, and they destroyed it with rifles, ruined wells, and uprooted palm trees, making it an uninhabitable place.

Establishment of the second Saudi state1818 to me 1891)

This period began with some wars between Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Muhammad Ali, and the House of Saud. It ended with Ibrahim leaving by order of his father. The people of Najd, led by “Muhammad bin Mishari Al Muammar” tried to reform Najd and Diriyah and moved to it, but “Mishari bin Imam Saud” was able to return Diriyah after escaping from prison, and a war broke out between the two, which was in favor of the Al Saud family. In 1824, the Al Saud family regained political control over the region, and the Saudi ruler “Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad Al Saud” moved the capital to Riyadh (about 20 miles south of the old Diriyah). Thus, he established the second Saudi state, for which his rule lasted for 11 years, during which he succeeded in recovering most of the lands that fell under the Ottoman occupation, and began to expand his areas of rule, and this did not forget him making decisions that concern the welfare of his people and their rights, and historical sources have documented that in his reign He and his son Faisal, Saudi Arabia witnessed prosperity and progress in trade and agriculture, to break calm and peace in 1865 with the second Ottoman advent to expand their empire in the Middle East, and they succeeded in seizing parts of the state, and the Al-Rashid family allied with the invasion to overthrow the second Saudi state, and in the face of Ji Akbar with higher armament, Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud was forced to abandon his struggle in 1891 and sought refuge in the Bedouins in the east of the peninsula (the Empty Quarter) and traveled with his family to Kuwait and they stayed there until 1902, and with him was his son Abdulaziz, who history proved to be a fierce warrior and a natural leader. Saud from the period of their stay in Kuwait and from there they began planning and moving to restore their political glories and return to the homeland.

The modern Saudi state1926 to me 1932)

Abdulaziz took only 40 warriors and headed to Riyadh to restore the city garrison (Al-Masmak Castle) from Al Rashid. He was helped by the influence of the people of Najd and the citizens loyal to Al Saud, especially after they were sure of the Al Rashid’s loyalty to the Ottomans and the suffering under the harshness of their rule. Abdulaziz succeeded in his endeavor, and this was The beginning of the formation of the modern Saudi state, and he took Riyadh as his headquarters, then seized the Hejaz and united the warring tribes under one banner. On September 23, 1932, Saudi Arabia was named after it, as an Islamic state with its constitution, the Holy Qur’an, and its language.

Saudi Arabia after 1932M

After explaining the history of the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1966, it is worth noting that King Abdulaziz, since 1932 AD, has begun to develop in the state. Which signed the 1945 Charter of the United Nations, and established many international organizations and institutions that helped maintain security and stability in the region. King Abdulaziz died on November 9, 1953, and his son assumed power and completed the reform work of his father. One of King Saud’s greatest successes was the development of education and the establishment of King Saud University Saud, and thus we see the end of the Al Saud’s suffering in uniting and protecting the state, and the ruling family is still imposing its control until today, proud of itself and its dignity thanks to its wise leadership and its conscious people.

The old name of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Now by explaining the story of the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1966 and clarifying the whole picture, we find that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was not always with this name, even the king had a different title; It was called “The Kingdom of Hejaz, Najd and its annexes.” As for the ruler and unifier over it, he was called “the King of the Hejaz and the Sultan of Nejd and its annexes.”

The role of the successors of King Abdul Aziz in the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The successors of King Abdul Aziz bin Al Saud contributed greatly to the stabilization and development of the pillars of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to work on its elevation. Below we will discuss a summary of the achievements of each of them:

King Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1953 – 1964 AD)

King Saud bin Abdulaziz succeeded his father and completed his role, after the death of King Abdulaziz in 1953 AD, and his reign witnessed many internal changes that worked to strengthen the infrastructure of the Kingdom.[1]

• During his reign, the Kingdom witnessed many architectural projects.
• The Council of Ministers was established and headed by Faisal bin Abdulaziz.
• The Directorate of Education was transferred to the Ministry of Education, and all its tasks were assigned to Fahd bin Abdulaziz, who held the position of Minister of Education at that time.
• The Prophet’s Mosque and the Grand Mosque were expanded during his reign.
• The Ministry of Information was established in 1381 AH.
• He worked on establishing private press institutions, and established several radio stations.
• Television and many radio stations were established, and the establishment of private press institutions was allowed.

King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1964 – 1975 AD)

After King Saud bin Abdulaziz fell ill, he became unable to manage the affairs of the Kingdom, so he was dismissed in 1965 AD, and King Faisal bin Abdulaziz took over the rule, which was able to achieve numerical achievements immediately after taking power, and paid attention to education and the economy from In order to work on the progress of the country, the following are his most prominent achievements:[2]

• He included King Abdulaziz National University for state institutions.
• He issued an order to establish King Faisal Specialist Hospital, and to bring in the best and most experienced doctors from around the world.
• He directed the Ministry of Agriculture to set up a comprehensive development program for water exploration, improving irrigation and agriculture methods, as well as developing livestock.
• He worked on organizing the administrative regions and setting five-year plans for the country.
• He issued a royal order to cut off oil supplies to countries supporting and sympathetic to Israel during the October 6, 1973 war. Since taking office, he has been known to support the Palestinian cause.

King Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1975 – 1982 AD)

King Khalid assumed power in 1975 AD, after the assassination of King Faisal. During his reign, the Kingdom witnessed comprehensive development in all sectors. He sought to achieve remarkable achievement in economic, agricultural and health development, and paid great attention to education. The following are his most prominent achievements:[3]

• Several development projects were implemented during his reign.
• He ordered the establishment of several general directorates of municipal affairs.
• Decides to establish the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs within the new ministerial formation of 1975 AD.
• The transportation sector witnessed a remarkable development, as the infrastructure and administrative organization were developed, in addition to the adoption of the establishment of the customs area in Riyadh.
• He was keen on developing the holy places and taking care of the Two Holy Mosques.

King Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1982 – 2005 AD)

King Fahd assumed power after being pledged allegiance to the royal family and the people. After the death of King Khalid in 1982, he was the fittest to manage the kingdom’s affairs. Indeed, he worked on developing the country and witnessed multiple achievements in his era in all sectors, and issued an official decision transferring the title of ruler from “His Majesty” to “His Majesty.” Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques” and the following are his most prominent achievements:[4]

• During his tenure, the project of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques for the expansion and construction of the Two Holy Mosques was implemented.
• Establishing the Basic Law of Governance, which is the first reference for governance affairs in the state, meaning it is tantamount to the constitution.
• He established the largest printing press in the world to print the Holy Qur’an, where he opened the “King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur’an”.
• Work on the development and development of agriculture.
• The kingdom succeeded in achieving self-sufficiency in dairy products, poultry and meat during his reign.
• The number of educational facilities for boys and girls has increased a lot, and the number of factories has also increased.

King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, 2005 – 2015 AD

After King Fahd died, Leem assumed the throne after him, King “Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud” on August 1, 2005. He was proud of the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, and made “Sultan bin Abdulaziz” the Crown Prince, and his achievements include:[5]

• Reconstruction of the Prophet’s Mosque and the Grand Mosque by expanding the area of ​​each of them.
• Building more universities and colleges, such as the University of (Hail, Jazan, Tabuk).
• He directed great attention to the education sector, and founded the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.
• Send foreign scientific missions.
• Increase the salaries of state employees.
• He established the King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy.
• Raising the bank loan from 300 to half a million riyals.
• Laying the pillars of many giant economic projects.
• Making the official holiday Friday and Saturday in response to the complaints of local banks that their holidays conflict with the West, causing economic problems.

King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 2015 AD

King Abdullah died on January 23, 2015, corresponding to the 3rd of Rabi’ al-Thani 1436 AH, but King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud took power after him, with a wide range of achievements, including:[6]

• Achievements in the health sector, trade, transport and all sectors of the state.
• Empowering women in education, elections, driving and the right to work.
• Inclusion of the youth category to take over some senior positions.
• Attention to the development of ministerial websites and the private sector.
• Expansion of the Two Holy Mosques.
• He himself washed the wall of the Holy Kaaba.
• Establishment of the Khair Makkah project.
• Inauguration of a new airport, Prince Muhammad bin Abdulaziz International Airport.
• Establishment of the King Salman Center for Humanitarian Works.

The events that took place in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1966

The year 1966 AD came in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in conjunction with the reign of King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and among the most prominent events that the Kingdom witnessed in that year are the following:

• Establishment of the Saudi Government General Corporation for Railways (SRO).
• The Kingdom contracted to purchase air defense equipment and weapons and a number of British and American aircraft, during the tenure of Defense Minister Sultan bin Abdulaziz.
• The visit of King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud to Jordan on the back of his tour to call for an Islamic conference and charter in January 1966, and a visit to the United States of America in June.
• Organizing a meeting between representatives of King Faisal and President of the Arab Republic of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser in the State of Kuwait during the month of August.

The story of the unification of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for children

Thus, we have presented, through the lines of this article, the history of Founding of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1966, from the beginning until now, including the most prominent and important events that have passed on the state, with some of the most important achievements of every Saudi king since unification.